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Summary Magazine 112 year 2023

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December 

  • January
  • February
  • March
  • April
  • May
  • June
  • July
  • August
  • September
  • October
  • November
  • December

January

Multivehicle traffic accident on the D5 highway

On Thursday, January 20, 2022, at 11:14 a.m. in the Central Bohemian Region, the emergency line 112 of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Capital City of Prague received information about a traffic accident involving several vehicles on the D5 highway at the 33rd kilometer in the direction from Pilsen to Prague.
A total of 14 trucks and 20 passenger cars and two vans crashed. The traffic accident resulted in four slightly injured persons who were transported by road and two seriously injured persons who were transported by the Air Emergency Service. 56 firefighters from 11 fire protection units with a total of 23 vehicles and one container were directly involved in liquidating the consequences.

P. 6

An explosion followed by a fire in Vysoké Mýto

Operational and Information Center of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Pardubice Region received information about an explosion in the company Recycling – kovové odpady, a. s. on Thursday, November 18, 2021 at 8:38 a.m.
The cause of the explosion and subsequent fire was the initiation by a mechanical spark of a hybrid gaseous mixture of dust with atmospheric oxygen and propane-butane. It escaped from the toroidal LPG tank as a result of its crushing in the mill area. Direct losses were estimated at 45 million CZK and 255 million CZK were salvaged.

P. 10

Fluorine-free foaming agents - a new challenge

Europe is moving towards an accelerated reduction and total ban of fluorinated foaming agents - foaming agents containing perfluorinated and polyfluorinated compounds, which are together referred to by the abbreviation PFAS.
These foaming agents will be replaced in the coming years by new generation fluorine-free foaming agents that do not contain these substances. This is a global trend that will affect not only firefighters, but also most foam users. The reason for this step is to protect health and the environment.

P.14

The annual IROP conference presented the achieved results and showed the outlook for the new period

On Thursday, November 24, 2022, the traditional annual conference of the Integrated Regional Operational Program was held in Velké Poříčí. The aim was to present the results achieved in the 2014-2020 program period with a focus on reducing the effects of the covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, the meeting presented the outlook for future years in the new program period 2021-2027.

P. 24

February

Fire of the roof in the Military University Hospital Prague Střešovice

On Saturday, August 27, 2022, at 9:25 a.m., a fire of the roof of Pavilion A - in the Military University Hospital Prague Střešovice was announced to the Regional Operational and Information Centre of the Capital city of Prague.
The Regional Operational and Information Center deployed fire protection units in the 2nd stage of the fire alert. The fire was brought under control after less than four hours. The roof with an area of 2 200 m2 was affected. Firefighters and hospital staff evacuated a total of 42 people.                                                                                     

P. 8

The Rope Rescue CZ application – a new way of materials for professional training?

In 2021, 6 316 interventions at heights and depths were recorded. There was always a risk of falling during these activities. When determining its severity, there is a combination of a number of factors, the most important of which are the height of the fall, the terrain of landing and, above all, the part of the body on which it lands. Free Rope Rescue CZ application provides important information about methodologies at height and above free depth and is publicly available on GooglePlay and AppStore.

P. 15

Activities in the area of extrication of people at traffic accidents in 2022

During the last year, over 330 activities were carried out in the area of extrication at traffic accidents. Key ones included instructive and methodical activities in cooperation with the Fire Rescue Department of Škoda Auto, a. s., extrication during a bus accident on the premises of KOVOŠROT GROUP CZ, s. r. o., or a Rescue meeting in Brno. It was intended primarily for traffic accident extrication instructors from the Regional Fire Rescue Services and other organizational units of the Fire Service Service of the Czech Republic.                                                                              

P. 20

Representatives of the research center of University of West Bohemia in Pilsen requested cooperation at Fire Rescue Brigade of Pilsen

Region in research project BETERKA in the middle of the year 2021. This is security research for the effective use of the thermal camera in case of epidemic threats and crisis situations. The main goal is to establish tools for more reliable determination of people who have symptoms of increased body temperature and could be simultaneously used for monitoring of course of epidemic.

P. 32

March

After the “covid break”, cooperation with Polish firefighters is renewed
Members of the Fire Rescue Service of Hradec Králové region, as part of Czech-Polish cooperation, underwent a cooperative firefighting exercise focusing on dealing with a large-scale flood. From the Czech Republic, firefighters specialized in high-capacity pumping were invited. The exercise took place in Wroclaw based on an invitation from Komenda Wojewódzka Państwowej Straży Pożarnej Wroclaw with a SIGMA 400 mobile pumping station.
P. 14

Population Protection Institute received two prestigious awards
At the end of 2022, Population Protection Institute in Lázně Bohdaneč received two prestigious awards. The first was the oldest and most prestigious quality award awarded in the Czech Republic, the National Quality Award. For example, the connection of the activities of intervention, research and education areas was awarded. The second was the OPCW-The Hague Award, which is given to highlight the activities of individuals and organizations that have made a decisive contribution to ensuring the world's chemical security.
P. 24

The Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union and an expert seminar on strengthening the societal importance of resilience
In January 2023, Sweden replaced the Czech Republic in the leadership of the Council of the European Union. The Swedish Presidency's priority is to strengthen the societal importance of resilience through joint action in dealing with future crises. A presidential seminar on this topic was held in the Swedish city of Arlanda in mid-January, with the participation of almost eighty experts from most of the member and participating states of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism.
P. 30

Modernization of the Fire protection and training center (fire school) of the FRS CR in Zbiroh
In October 2022, the first stage of the reconstruction of the Fire school in Zbiroh was ceremonially put into use. It was a long-planned reconstruction of the area so that it would provide optimal conditions for the training and education of firefighters. It involved the reconstruction of the water reservoir as a training area for rescuing people from the water surface, the former staff building and canteen, and the construction of a training hall.
P. 32

April

Devasting fire at Penny Market in Sokolov region
On Sunday, November 6, 2022, a devastating fire occurred at the store of the Penny chain in the village of Chodov near Sokolov. Due to the extent of the fire in the building and its position in the middle of the panel residential area and despite the rapid arrival of the fire protection units on the scene and the effectively conducted intervention, the 3rd degree of fire alarm was declared. The cause of the fire was a plastic shopping cart that caught fire. The damage was calculated at approximately 48 million CZK.
P. 6

Tactical exercise - Fire on the filling ramps of automobile tanks at the ČEPRO warehouse
A fictitious fire on the premises of ČEPRO, a. s. was the subject of a tactical exercise of the bodies of the integrated rescue system. It was a regular exercise, which every three years examines the emergency preparedness of the ČEPRO Střelice facility, the bodies of the integrated rescue system and the municipality of Střelice near Brno in dealing with a simulated accident according to the set scenario. Ultimately, the exercise demonstrated the readiness of all bodies, and the cooperation of the village's crisis staff with the intervention commander's staff was especially appreciated.
P. 14

The Union Civil Protection Mechanism's response to the earthquake in Turkey and Syria
On Monday, February 6, 2023, Turkey and Syria were affected by the worst earthquake in 100 years. In total, more than 52,000 people died and more than 125,000 people were injured. Turkey activated the Union Civil Protection Mechanism as early as one and a half hours after the first shock, requesting both rescue teams and humanitarian aid. After the activation, there was an immediate response from 21 member states. The Czech Republic deployed urban search and rescue team (USAR). It was deployed to the site of the disaster the same day and joined the rescue works the following day.
P. 28

The Secondary Vocational School of Fire Protection and the Higher Vocational School of Fire Protection are resuming secondary education
In 2023, Director General of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, Lt Gen Vladimír Vlček, Ph.D., MBA, decided to resume studies at the Secondary Vocational School of Fire Protection. The basic assumption is that secondary school students should understand the principles of fire protection, crisis management, integrated rescue system and population protection. The first students will enter the 1st year of the Secondary Vocational School of Fire Protection in September 2023.
P. 34

May

Explosion and subsequent fire in the apartment
On November 30, 2022, an explosion and subsequent fire occurred in an apartment in Český Těšín in Moravian-Silesian Region. The cause was a technical failure during charging the power bank. The fire broke out in an apartment on the 12th floor and the entire apartment was affected. The fire spread through the shell of the building and onto its roof. Over 34 people were evacuated, of which 7 were injured. A psychologist was also on site and provided assistance to 14 people. The damage was estimated at 5 million crowns.   
P. 6

Small plane crash - tactical exercise
At the beginning of November last year, a tactical exercise of the bodies of the integrated rescue system took place at Kladno near Velká Dobrá airport. The scenario was staged in the environment of an aviation day, when a small sports plane crashed into a crowd of onlookers. The sorting of the injured persons started immediately. Police of the Czech Republic performed tasks related to the security closure, identification of persons and searches in the field, and also deactivated the ballistic parachute system of the aircraft.                                      
P. 8

One year since the launch of emergency SMS on the emergency lines of the FRS CR
From January 1, 2022, emergency communication in form of short text messages was launched on the emergency lines 112 and 150. Short text messages are also accepted by the Police of the Czech Republic and the medical rescue services of individual regions. Contacting is possible for citizens of the Czech Republic without prior registration and it is especially recommended for people with disabilities. Like the emergency call, it's free. In one year, 106 109 of these text messages were received.                                                                       
P. 22

Emergencies dealt at the level of the European Union
Forest fire seasons are getting longer in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The first fires engulfed Europe already in January, namely in the east of Spain. At that time, forest fires had already started in the central part of Chile, 7,770 people were affected. The EU has provided €100,000 in emergency humanitarian aid to the Chilean Red Cross to help people affected by the fires.
P. 30
 

June

Fire at the shopping center Hvězda in Benešov
On Monday, November 14, 2022, a fire broke out in the grocery above the BILLA store in Benešov. Due to the large amount of flammable material, the size and structure of the building, a special level of fire alarm was declared. Due to the high intensity of the fire and the collapse of the concrete ceiling structure, the building was extinguished using a large number of aerial equipment. The fire was put out for more than twenty hours. The damage was calculated at approximately 50 million CZK.
P. 6

Tactical exercise TRAIN 2022
Dozens injured and two dead in a railway accident after two trains collided. This was the scenario of the tactical exercise of the bodies of the integrated rescue system, which was conducted last year near the railway tunnel near the village of Jívová in Olomouc. The aim of the exercise was to verify the readiness of the IRS bodies and their tactical readiness for mutual intervention in emergencies with a large number of injured persons and victims in inaccessible terrain with difficult traffic accessibility. The exercise was attended by 89 members of the FRS CR, rescuers and medical personnel, staff members and 29 assistants.
 P. 14

Deployment of the Czech USAR team after the devastating earthquake in Turkey
On Monday, February 6, 2023, at 4:17 a.m. local time, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale occurred at a depth of 18 km near the southeastern Turkish city of Gaziantep near the border with Syria. According to initial information, the earthquake affected ten other cities. Hundreds of dead and injured people were reported on the sites, buildings and infrastructure were damaged, aftershocks were recorded in the entire area. The USAR (Urban Search and Rescue Team) of the FRS CR was also involved in the rescue work, which at the request of the Emergency Response Coordination Center (ERCC) assisted in the search and rescue of people in collapsed buildings for more than a week.
P. 26

10 years of the program „Safety Education – protection of people during emergencies“ at fire station Prague-Modřany
It has been 10 years since the members of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Capital city of Prague obtained additional necessary premises for their professional activities in the new Modřany fire station. The modern concept of the building, the elements of which also include barrier-free access, allows all social groups, including seniors and disabled people, to complete the educational program "Safety Education - protection of people during emergencies" directly in this fire station, thanks to the modernly equipped classroom of the preventive educational activity. The program enjoys great public interest and its popularity is evidenced by the constantly increasing number of visitors.
P. 32

July

Fire at a boarding house in Vysočina
On Saturday morning, September 17, 2022, a fire at the Selský dvůr boarding house in the village of Daňkovice in the Žďársko region was reported to the emergency line of the Fire Rescue Service of Vysočina Region. The fire was caused by the ignition of flammable vapors during the cooking of alcohol. It was extinguished by 15 fire units and the 3rd degree of fire alarm was declared. Property damage caused by the fire was initially estimated at 15 million CZK. The fire affected the roof and ceiling of the hall, the roof of the boarding house and the complete electronic installation including air conditioning.
P. 6

Exercise in the senior center
In the middle of December last year, a tactical exercise of fire protection units was organized in senior centre in Hradec Králové. The subject of this exercise was a fire on the 2nd floor above the SeneCura senior center in Hradec Králové in Exnárová street. The participants experienced rescuing and evacuating people with reduced mobility as well as handling a hospital bed. The rescuers expanded their knowledge about the specific conditions of intervention in social service facilities - nursing homes. The exercise also showed certain shortcomings that need to be further focused on and measures taken from them.
P. 8

The goals of the European Union in the field of resilience to disasters, or how to manage future emergencies together
In February 2023, the EU Recommendation and a Communication to establish common goals to boost disaster resilience in the areas of civil protection was adopted.  This strategic document clearly specifies the five key areas on which European civil protection wants to focus until 2030. These five objectives (Anticipate, Prepare, Alert, Respond, Secure) are intended to strengthen the overall resilience of the Union and form the basis for strengthening the Union's collective ability to face impacts of future disasters and protect citizens, their living conditions and the environment.
P. 26

Preparation of new instructors of preventive educational activities at the Fire Rescue Service of Olomouc Region
A number of members have left the Fire Rescue Service of Olomouc Region in recent years. This also had a negative impact on the provision of preventive educational activities. Therefore, a course consisting of two one-day seminars was organized for 41 future instructors, which took place on March 28 and April 13, 2023. The goal of the entire project was to acquire and train new instructors of preventive educational activities at the FRS of the Olomouc Region.
P. 28

August

Rescuing a driver from a sunken car
On March 16, 2023, a traffic accident occurred in the Pardubice region, in which a driver drove a car into a pond. The accident was witnessed by the driver of the spreader truck, who was just passing by and without hesitation jumped into the water, swam to the vehicle, whose front part was already under water. He managed to open the front door and pull out the driver, who was a non-swimmer, helped him to the bank of the pond, which was about 15 m from the sunken vehicle. After the arrival of the ambulance, the firefighters handed over the rescued man to the care of paramedics. For this brave act, the spreader truck driver was awarded a commemorative medal of the FRS of the Pardubice Region.
P. 6


The main instructors for working on the water surface were not idle
On May 15, 2023, practical training in working on water surface took place in České Vrbné under the auspices of the MoI-Directorate General of the FRS CR. On the first day, the basic skills of the course participants were tested. For the next two days, they practiced, for example, self-rescue when the raft overturns, controlling the raft with the Guide system, and others. On the last day of the training, the methods of using knots according to the valid training regulations for a moored vessel, which are used when rescuing a drowning person from dangerous weirs, were discussed.
P. 8

Cooperation that crosses borders
MoI-Directorate General of the FRS of the Czech Republic, together with selected partners in the Czech Republic and Poland, is implementing the project "Mutual solution to crisis management and cooperation of security forces within the framework of the refugee wave of citizens from Ukraine to the Czech-Polish border". The project aims to create a systemic and institutionally sustainable tool for effective cross-border cooperation of public administration institutions in ensuring security and crisis management at the common border as part of solving the refugee wave of citizens from Ukraine or as part of solving similar situations.
P. 30

Methodology for schools in accidents situations
"School and accidents: We are ready!" this is a new methodical recommendation for schools, in which the situations that you can normally encounter are brought closer. Not only children, pupils or students, but also teachers, parents or residents of the village can familiarize themselves with this publication and check how to react to situations and whether their reaction and behaviour is optimal. Therefore, the methodological recommendation focuses primarily on preparedness so that everyone knows what to do in which situation. This is followed by managing the medium and long-term consequences of emergencies, including adverse events. The third part of the methodological recommendation deals with procedures for preventing accidents, how to prepare for them and their consequences.
P. 32

September

Fire of the manufacture hall in Čelákovice
On Monday, March 13, 2023, a fire at a wood processing company in Čelákovice in Praha-východ district was reported to the emergency line of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Central Bohemia Region. Even before the arrival of the first fire unit, the roof of the building collapsed, and the fire mainly affected the 80 x 30 m hall. Due to the large amount of flammable materials, the fire spread quickly and threatened to spread to the western part of the premises. It was necessary to deploy additional forces and means for the supply of a larger quantity of water. The elimination of the fire was reported next morning. Damage was set at 2 million CZK.
 P. 6


Firefighters and soldiers trained in Čáslav
At the beginning of this year, the cooperation between members of the FRS Central Bohemian region, Department of Kolín and colleagues from the military fire unit of the 21st Tactical Air Force Base in Čáslav began. The emphasis was on the preparation of a possible intervention from the point of view of firefighting activities. During their first joint exercise, the firefighters became familiar with safety principles in the event of an accident involving JAS Gripen and L-159 ALCA aircraft, and then other types of aircraft. They learned about emergency procedures, danger zones and ways to rescue a pilot from the airplane cabin. They became familiar with the system for evacuating people from the mentioned aircraft and the expected behaviour of its members during an emergency.
P. 12

New mobile application - Technik HZS
FRS of the Pilsen region has long-term cooperation with a number of entities in the framework of innovations, in an effort to improve the quality and efficiency of the work of firefighters. The new Technik HZS mobile application is intended for chemical and technical service technicians. It brings simplification of data transfer and independence from a non-portable computer. Records taken from a mobile phone during inspections can be transferred easily and in a minimum number of steps in the application to the database of the integrated regional information system. The application also makes it possible to fully change the location of means within the services and to check the completeness of the equipment on the fire trucks or in the warehouses. The development of the application from the first idea to implementation took six years and the funding was provided by the Ministry of the Interior-Directorate General of the FRS CR.
P. 18



EU Council Recommendation on a coordinated approach to strengthen the resilience of critical infrastructure
During the Czech Presidency of the Council of the EU, two important documents increasing the resilience of critical infrastructure were approved within the framework of the Working Group for Civil Protection - the CER Directive. The CER Directive changes the fundamental philosophy of the approach to the protection of critical infrastructure, and its approval was the main and only priority of the working group. In connection with the sabotage of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, a draft recommendation on a coordinated EU approach to strengthen the resilience of critical infrastructure was presented to the European Council. EU member states were invited to speed up the preparatory work and take appropriate measures and, as a result, allocate a sufficient amount of funds. Strategic communication and the fight against hybrid threats are also key issues.
P. 24

October

Fire at the industrial area of the brick factory in Kadaň
On Thursday, April 20, 2023, a fire was reported in the industrial premises of Cihelna Kadaň, a. s. Due to the increasing number of reports about the fire and taking into account the fact that, according to information, thick black smoke was rising from the affected building, duty officer announced an alarm to fire units assigned to 2nd degree fire alarm. The fire was exceptional due to its rapid spread due to the age of premises and due to the long-term heat-stressed building structures of the dryer, where the temperature is stable in the range of 50-70 °C.
P. 12

Tactical exercise in the emergency planning zone of the Dukovany nuclear power plant
One of the main objectives of the tactical exercise of the Rescue units of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, which took place in the parking lot of the village of Únanov in the South Moravian Region, was the decontamination of people and equipment in the emergency planning zone of the Dukovany nuclear power plant.
P. 16

The role of regional hygiene stations in crisis management
Regional hygiene stations are part of the integrated rescue system in the Czech Republic. Their activities are usually imagined by the laymen as inspections in restaurants, hotels or comments on constructions. What is not generally known is the fact that they also play a key role in crisis management and population protection. The period of the covid-19 pandemic showed some of the crisis processes that regional hygiene stations deal with.
P. 18

Population Protection Institute in Lázně Bohdaneč continues international educational activities
In 2022, Population Protection Institute was awarded the prestigious OPCW-The Hague Award for the long-term education of foreign specialists - rescuers in dealing with chemical emergencies. Every year, experts from all over the world come to Lázně Bohdaneč for training, and at the same time, the Institute's lecturers also train their colleagues directly in their home countries, specifically in Uganda and Paraguay. Since 1999, when cooperation with the OPCW began, lecturers have trained almost 900 participants from 90 countries.
P. 28

November

Electric car fire in underground garages
During the night of Thursday, May 4, 2023, the Regional Operational and Information Centre of the Fire Rescue Brigade of the Capital City of Prague deployed a fire protection unit from the Sokolská station to Bělehradská Street 299/132 through the centralized protection desk. A survey of underground garages revealed that white smoke is coming from under the electric vehicle on the 1st underground floor. Subsequently, the vehicle caught fire and it was necessary to move it from the garage to a safe place as quickly as possible.
P.6

Unmanned vehicles and support for the activities of bodies of the integrated Rescue System in the Pilsen region
For the needs of the statutory city of Pilsen in the field of information technology, the city's organizational component, the Information Technology Administration of the City of Pilsen, was established. Its main purpose is to build and operate the city's information structure and support users of city organizations. This organization significantly facilitates the performance and electronization of city agendas, teaching with the help of modern technologies, access to free wifi in the city space, such as sports fields, parks, city buildings and many other activities.
P. 16

Centrifugal fire pump – why to drain?
One of the most widespread fire pumps used in the Czech Republic are centrifugal fire pumps from the company THT Polička, s. r. o. They are intended for pumping drinking or utility water. The centrifugal fire pump, which is permanently built into the fire truck, is driven by the vehicle's motive power (engine). The pump is a flow-through machine with a mechanical drive designed to pump liquids for fire purposes. In hydrodynamic pumps, the mechanical energy that is supplied to the pump shaft is converted into kinetic energy in the pump impeller.
P. 20

European response to Emergencies
Forest fires in 2023 were the worst on record. Many states of southern Europe fought the fire practically all summer. The most affected was Greece, which twice activated the Union's Civil Protection Mechanism. On the contrary, at the beginning of August, Slovenia was hit by catastrophic floods caused by torrential rains. A fire at a gas station in Romania injured dozens of people, mainly firefighters who responded after the first explosion, and was swept away by a second explosion. However, the flood wave claimed the most human lives in Libya, where two dams burst as a result of heavy rains.
P. 24

Construction and use of multimedia classrooms for education at the Fire Rescue Brigade of the South Bohemian Region
The Fire Rescue Brigade of the South Bohemian Region searches for answers to questions about emergencies together with children and adults in multimedia classrooms. Which ones are they for example? How to behave and what to do in the event of a fire, flood, storm, snow disaster or leakage of a hazardous materials? How to proceed when it is necessary to hide, warn or evacuate the population? Or what to say when an emergency is reported to the emergency line?
P. 32

December

The fire at the garden center in Tehovec
On Wednesday, May 17, 2023, at 6:26 p.m., the fire of the selling and service centre of the company HECHT MOTORS, s. r. o., in Tehovec, was announced to the emergency line of the Fire Rescue Service of Central Bohemian region. According to the store staff, there was a smell of fire in the premises of the company and smoke could be seen in one of the closed rooms on the cameras. The regional Operational and Information Centre of the Fire Rescue Service of Central Bohemian region deployed fire units assigned to the 1st degree of fire alarm to the scene of the incident, and a special level of fire alarm was gradually announced. A large number of electrolytic batteries and other goods were stored in the hall.
P. 10


International experience as inspiration for the training of firefighters-climbers in Hradec Králové region
Firefighters-climbers from the Fire Rescue Service of Hradec Králové region gained a silver medal at the prestigious international rescue team competition “Grimpday”. It took place in France in the city of Marseille and its surroundings at the end of May 2023. The experience from the international competition was behind the idea of organizing training in a similar spirit for firefighters from the Fire Rescue Service of Hradec Králové region. In June 2023, the first ever county-wide training of several days for all firefighters specializing in rescue from height and above free depth of a similar scope took place.
P. 14


Spanish Presidency
Spain will end its presidency of the Council of the European Union in December. Its priority was the disaster risk management governance, particularly with regard to strengthening management systems, reducing risk and increasing resilience at national and regional levels. On this topic, a presidential seminar was held in Aranjuez at the beginning of July with the participation of more than 60 delegates from most of the member and participating states of the Union´s Civil Protection Mechanism. Other important presidential events were the 51st  meeting of the Directors-General for Civil Protection of the European Union, the European Economic Area and candidate countries and the meeting of the directors of the national centres of the European Union member states responsible for the resilience of critical entities and their infrastructure.
P. 26


Psychological service
As early as 2003, a psychological service was established at the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. In 2023, the firefighters commemorated its twenty-year anniversary. On this occasion, the psychological department of the MoI-Directorate General of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic organized a conference, which took place on Thursday, October 12, 2023, in the representative premises of the Spiritka Hotel in Prague.
P. 30

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